Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Stage 1. Sensori-motor stage. The first stage corresponds from birth to infancy. This is the stage when the child who is initially reflexive in grsping, sucking and reaching becomes more organized in his movement and activity.

Stage 2. Pre-operational stage. The preoperational stage covers from about two to seven years old, roughly corresponding to the preschool years. Intelligence at this stage is intuitive in nature.

Stage 3. Concrete-Operational Stage. This stage is characterized by the ability of the child to think logically by only interms of concrete objects.this covers approximately the ages between 8-11 years or the elementary school years.

Stage 4. Formal Operational Stage. In the final stage of formal operations covering ages between 12 and 15 years, thinking becomes more logical.they can now solve abstract problems and can hypothesize.

Metacognition and Development

Researches such as that of Fang and Cox showed that metacognitive awareness was evident in preschoolers and n students as young as eight years old.Children already may have the capacity to be more aware and reflective of their own learnng.

Below are examples of teaching strategies to develop metacognition:

^ Have student have monitor their own learning a nd thinking( examle: have student monitor a peer's learning/thinking/behaving in dyad)
^ Have students learn study strategies (e.g., SQ3R, SQ4R).
^Have students make predictions about information to be presented next based on what they have read.
^ Have student relate ideas to existing knowledge structures. (mportant to have relevant knowledge structures well learn).
^ Have students develop questions; ( Have you asked a good question today?)
^ Help students to know when to ask to help. ( must be able to self monitor; require the students to know how they have attempted to deal with the problem with their own).
^ Show students how to transfer knowledge, attitudes,values, skills to other situation or tasks.

Intructional Materials

Principles:

1.) All intructional materials are aids to instruction. They do not replace the teacher.
2.) Choose the intructional ,material that best suits your intructional objectives.
3.) If possible, use a variety of tools.
4.) Check out your intructional material before class starts to be sure it is workng properly.
5.) For results, abide by the general utilization guide on the use of media given below:
* Learn how to use the intructional materials.
* Prepare intruductory remarks, questions or initial comments you need.
* Provide a conducive environment.
* Explain the objective of the lesson.
* Stress what is to be watched or lestened carefully.
* State what they will be expected to do with the information they will learn.
* There is a need to summarize or review the experience.

Factors for technology Selection

1.) Practicality
2.) Appropriateness in relation to the learners
3.) Activity/suitability
4.) Objective-matching

The Primary Roles of Educational Technology in Delivering in School curriculum's intructional program have been identified:

* Upgrading the quality of teaching-learning-in schools
* Increasing the capability of the teacher to effectively inculcate learning, and for students to gain mastery of lessons and courses
* Broadening the delivery of education outside schools through non-traditional approaches to formal and informal learning to adult learners
* Revolunizing the use of technology to boost educational paradigm shifts that give importance to student-centered and holistic learning